The difference between cystic fibrosis and migraine is that the
Cystic fibrosis is caused by various environmental factors
Incorrect
Migraine is a Mendelian trait
Incorrect.
Cystic fibrosis can be traced to a single gene
Correct! Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, whereas migraine is caused by multiple genetic and environmental influences.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by the absence of a chromosome
Incorrect
Empiric risk is based on ______, which is the ______.
Prevalence; rate at which a certain event occurs.
Incorrect
Incidence; rate at which a certain event occurs.
Correct! Empiric risk is based on the incidence of a condition- or the rate at which a certain event occurs, such as the number of new cases diagnosed per year in a population of known size.
Prevalence; the number of newly diagnosed cases of a condition in a year.
Incorrect
Incidence; the number of people with a condition in a year.
Incorrect
In humans, heritability of clubfoot is 0.8. This means that the expression of this condition is:
Strongly influenced by environmental factors
Incorrect
Solely dependent on inheritance of the clubfoot gene(s)
Incorrect
Strongly dependent on inheritance of the clubfoot gene(s) but also influenced by environmental factors
Correct! A heritability value of 0.8 means that on average, 80% of the individual differences in those with clubfoot may be attributable to genetic differences. Environment plays a part, but is not as great as the genetic contribution.
Inherited from an affected parent 80% of the time
Incorrect
A distinction of genome-wide association (GWA) studies, compared to the more traditional approaches of empiric risk, heritability, and twins studies is that:
GWA studies examine the entire genome by use of genetic markers, so that even genes that might not be expected to contribute to the phenotype can be identified.
Correct! GWA studies are genomic studies that use genetic markers to identify a region of the entire human genome that is associated with the disease of interest. Genes that might not have been considered as part of the pathway in this condition, might also be identified.
GWA studies actually sequences entire genomes for every participant.
Incorrect
GWA studies can be performed on healthy individuals.
Incorrect
GWA studies consider already well characterized traits.
Incorrect